Variaciones anatómicas en la vascularización del colon derecho y su implicancia en la escisión completa del mesocolon con linfadenectomía D3. Estudio de corte transversal / Anatomical variations in right colon vascularization: its implication in complete mesocolic excision with D3 lymphadenectomy. A cross-sectional study

Introducción: La escisión completa del mesocolon con linfadenectomía D3 (CME-D3) mejora los resultados de los pacientes operados por cáncer del colon. Reconocer adecuadamente la anatomía vascular es fundamental para evitar complicaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo primario fue determinar la prevalencia de las variaciones anatómicas de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) y sus ramas en relación a la vena mesentérica superior (VMS). El objetivo secundario fue evaluar la asociación entre las distintas variantes anatómicas y el sexo y la etnia de lo pacientes. Diseño: Estudio de corte transversal. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 225 pacientes con cáncer del colon derecho diagnosticados entre enero 2017 y diciembre de 2020. Dos radiólogos independientes describieron la anatomía vascular observada en las tomografías computadas. Según la relación de las ramas de la AMS con la VMS, la población fue dividida en 2 grupos y subdividida en 6 (1a-c, 2a-c). Resultados: La arteria ileocólica fue constante, transcurriendo en el 58,7% de los casos por la cara posterior de la VMS. La arteria cólica derecha, presente en el 39,6% de los pacientes, cruzó la VMS por su cara anterior en el 95,5% de los casos. La variante de subgrupo más frecuente fue la 2a seguida por la 1a (36,4 y 24%, respectivamente). No se encontró asociación entre las variantes anatómicas y el sexo u origen étnico. Conclusión: Las variaciones anatómicas de la AMS y sus ramas son frecuentes y no presentan un patrón predominante. No hubo asociación entre las mismas y el sexo u origen étnico en nuestra cohorte. El reconocimiento preoperatorio de estas variantes mediante angiotomografía resulta útil para evitar lesiones vasculares durante la CME-D3. (AU)

Background: Complete mesocolic excision with D3 lymphadenectomy (CME-D3) improves the outcomes of patients operated on for colon cancer. Proper recognition of vascular anatomy is essential to avoid complications. Aim: Primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its branches in relation to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Secondary outcome was to evaluate the association between these anatomical variations and sex and ethnicity of the patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Material and methods: Two hundred twenty-fivepatients with right colon cancer diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. Two independent radiologists described the vascular anatomy of computed tomography scans. The population was divided into 2 groups and subdivided into 6 groups (1a-c, 2a-c), according to the relationship of the SMA and its branches with the SMV. Results: The ileocolic artery was constant, crossing the SMV posteriorly in 58.7% of the cases. The right colic artery, present in 39.6% of the patients, crossed the SMV on its anterior aspect in 95.5% of the cases. The most frequent subgroup variant was 2a followed by 1a (36.4 and 24%, respectively). No association was found between anatomical variants and gender or ethnic origin. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the SMA and its branches are common, with no predominant pattern. There was no association between anatomical variations and gender or ethnic origin in our cohort. Preoperative evaluation of these variations by computed tomography angi-ography is useful to avoid vascular injuries during CME-D3. (AU)

Recognition of the membrane anatomy-based laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Although it has become a consensus in the field of colorectal surgery to perform radical tumor treatment and functional protection under the minimally invasive concept, there exist many controversies during clinical practice, including the concept of embryonic development of abdominal organs and membrane anatomy, the principle of membrane anatomy related to right hemicolectomy, D3 resection, and identification of the inner boundary. In this paper, we analyzed recently reported literature with high-level evidence and clinical data from the author's hospital to recognize and review the membrane anatomy-based laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer, emphasizing the importance of priority of surgical dissection planes, vascular orientation, and full understanding of the fascial space, and proposing that the surgical planes should be dissected in the parietal-prerenal fascial space, and the incision should be 1 cm from the descending and horizontal part of the duodenum. The surgery should be performed according to a standard procedure with strict quality control. To identify the resection range of D3 dissection, it is necessary to establish a clinical, imaging, and pathological evaluation model for multiple factors or to apply indocyanine green and nano-carbon lymphatic tracer intraoperatively to guide precise lymph node dissection. We expect more high-level evidence of evidence-based medicine to prove the inner boundary of laparoscopic assisted radical right colectomy and a more rigorous consensus to be established.

Anatomical classification of and laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer with persistent descending mesocolon / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate anatomical morphology and classification of persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer, as well as the safety of laparoscopic radical surgery for these patients. Methods: This is a descriptive study of case series. Relevant clinical data of 995 patients with left colon and rectal cancer who had undergone radical surgery in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from July 2021 to September 2022 were extracted from the colorectal surgery database of our institution and retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-four (2.4%) were identified as PDM and their imaging data and intra-operative videos were reviewed. We determined the distribution and morphology of the descending colon and mesocolon, and evaluated the feasibility and complications of laparoscopic surgery. We classified PDM according to its anatomical characteristics as follows: Type 0: PDM combined with malrotation of the midgut or persistent ascending mesocolon; Type 1: unfixed mesocolon at the junction between transverse and descending colon; Type 2: PDM with descending colon shifted medially (Type 2A) or to the right side (Type 2B) of the abdominal aorta at the level of the origin of the inferior mesentery artery (IMA); and Type 3: the mesocolon of the descending-sigmoid junction unfixed and the descending colon shifted medially and caudally to the origin of IMA. Results: The diagnosis of PDM was determined based on preoperative imaging findings in 9 of the 24 patients (37.5%) with left-sided colorectal cancer, while the remaining diagnoses were made during intraoperative assessment. Among 24 patients, 22 were male and 2 were female. The mean age was (63±9) years. We classified PDM as follows: Type 0 accounted for 4.2% (1/24); Type 1 for 8.3% (2/24); Types 2A and 2B for 37.5% (9/24) and 25.0% (6/24), respectively; and Type 3 accounted for 25.0% (6/24). All patients with PDM had adhesions of the mesocolon that required adhesiolysis. Additionally, 20 (83.3%) of them had adhesions between the mesentery of the ileum and colon. Twelve patients (50.0%) required mobilization of the splenic flexure. The inferior mesenteric artery branches had a common trunk in 14 patients (58.3%). Twenty-four patients underwent D3 surgery without conversion to laparotomy; the origin of the IMA being preserved in 22 (91.7%) of them. Proximal colon ischemia occurred intraoperatively in two patients (8.3%) who had undergone high ligation at the origin of the IMA. One of these patients had a juxta-anal low rectal cancer and underwent intersphincteric abdominoperineal resection because of poor preoperative anal function. Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy was considered necessary for the other patient. The duration of surgery was (260±100) minutes and the median estimated blood loss was 50 (20-200) mL. The median number of No. 253 lymph nodes harvested was 3 (0-20), and one patient (4.2%) had No.253 nodal metastases. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 (4-23) days, and the incidence of complications 16.7% (4/24). There were no instances of postoperative colon ischemia or necrosis observed. One patient (4.2%) with stage IIA rectal cancer developed Grade B (Clavien-Dindo III) anastomotic leak and underwent elective ileostomy. The other complications were Grade I-II. Conclusions: PDM is frequently associated with mesenteric adhesions. Our proposed classification can assist surgeons in identifying the descending colon and mesocolon during adhesion lysis in laparoscopic surgery. It is crucial to protect the colorectal blood supply at the resection margin to minimize the need for unplanned extended colectomy, the Hartmann procedure, or permanent stomas.

Safety and feasibility of overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis technique for digestive tract reconstruction during complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical safety and feasibility of overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis (ODA) in totally laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (TLRHC). Methods: From May 2017 to October 2019, of the 219 patients who underwent TLRHC at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 104 cases underwent ODA (ODA group) and 115 cases underwent conventional extracorporeal anastomosis (control group) were compared the surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, pathological outcomes and perioperative complications. Results: The length of the skin incision in the ODA group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(5.6±0.9) cm vs. (7.1±1.7) cm, P<0.05], and the time to first flatus and first defecation after surgery in the ODA group was significantly earlier than that in the control group [(1.7±0.7) days vs. (2.0±0.7) days; (3.2±0.6) days vs. (3.3±0.7) days, P<0.05]. While the anastomosis time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the time of first ground activities, the number of bowel movements within 12 days after surgery, postoperative hospital stay, tumor size, the distal and proximal margins, the number of lymph node harvested and postoperative TNM stage in the ODA group did not differ from that of the control group (P>0.05). The postoperative complication rates of patients in the ODA group and the control group were 3.8% (4/104) and 4.3% (5/115), respectively, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of ODA technology in TLRHC can significantly shorten thelength of skin incisionand the recovery time of bowel function, and can obtain satisfactory short-term efficacy.

Medial border of D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The extent of D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer, especially the medial border of central lymph node dissection remains controversial. D3 lymphadenectomy and complete mesocolon excision (CME) are two standard procedures for locally advanced right colon carcinoma. D3 lymphadenectomy determines the medial border according to the distribution of the lymph nodes. The mainstream medial border should be the left side of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) according to the definition of D3, but there are also some reports that regards the left side of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) as the medial border. In contrast, the CME procedure emphasizes the beginning of the colonic mesentery and the left side of SMA should be considered as the medial border. Combined with the anatomical basis, oncological efficacy and technical feasibility of D3 lymph node dissection, we think that it is safe and feasible to take the left side of SMA as the medial boundary of D3 lymph node dissection. This procedure not only takes into account the integrity of mesangial and regional lymph node dissection, but also dissects more distant lymph nodes at risk of metastasis. It has its anatomical basis and potential oncological advantages. However, at present, this technical concept is still in the exploratory stage in practice, and the related clinical evidence is not sufficient.

Consideraciones actuales concernientes al tratamiento del plastrón apendicular / Current Considerations Concerning Treatment of Appendiceal Plastron

Introducción: El plastrón apendicular es una tumoración inflamatoria constituida por el apéndice inflamado, vísceras adyacentes y epiplón mayor. Puede contener o no pus (absceso/flemón). Objetivo: Precisar si está indicada la apendicectomía de urgencia o de intervalo en los pacientes con plastrón y/o absceso apendicular sometidos a tratamiento no quirúrgico inicial. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos bibliográficas Web of Science, PubMed, Medline y Lilacs, mediante el motor de búsqueda Google académico. Se seleccionaron 28 artículos en inglés y español; 20 (71,2 por ciento) correspondieron al quinquenio 2016-20 y el 96,4 por ciento de autores extranjeros. Desarrollo: El estándar actual es el tratamiento no quirúrgico inicial del plastrón y el drenaje percutáneo del absceso. La apendicectomía de intervalo tiene un beneficio mínimo y puede conducir a un aumento de los costos, estancia hospitalaria, antibioticoterapia intravenosa y de la morbilidad. Se debe realizar un seguimiento cuidadoso en enfermos con riesgo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o cáncer de colon, sin importar qué opción se elija (operación de intervalo u observación). Conclusiones: La apendicectomía de urgencia no es recomendable porque el componente inflamatorio la hace técnicamente difícil, puede necesitar una colectomía y aumentar la morbilidad, aunque actualmente, la apendicectomía laparoscópica de urgencia puede ser más rentable y segura. La decisión posterior de la apendicectomía a intervalos sigue siendo discutible. El intervalo recomendado varía entre 6 y 8 semanas, tres y seis meses después de la normalización clínico humoral(AU)

Introduction: Appendiceal plastron is an inflammatory tumor made up of inflamed appendix, adjacent viscera and greater omentum. It may or may not contain pus (abscess/phlegmon). Objective: To specify whether emergency or interval appendectomy is indicated in patients with appendicular abscess and/or plastron who had undergone initial nonsurgical treatment. Methods: A review was carried out in the bibliographic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs, using the search engine Google Scholar. Twenty-eight articles were selected, in English and Spanish; twenty (71.2 percent) corresponded to the quinquennium 2016-20, while 96.4 percent were written by foreign authors. Development: The current standard is the initial nonsurgical treatment of the plastron and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. Interval appendectomy has minimal benefits and can lead to increased costs, hospital stay, intravenous antibiotic therapy and morbidity. Patients at risk for inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer should be carefully followed up, regardless of which option is chosen (interval operation or observation). Conclusions: Emergency appendectomy is not recommended because the inflammatory component makes it technically difficult; it may require colectomy and increase morbidity, although currently, emergency laparoscopic appendectomy may be more profitable and safer. The subsequent decision for interval appendectomy remains debatable. The recommended interval varies from six to eight weeks, three and six months after clinical-humoral normalization(AU)

Similarities and differences between D3 lymphadenectomy and complete mesocolic excision of right hemicolonectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

D3 lymphadenectomy and complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colon cancer, which have been introduced to China for more than 10 years, are two major surgical principles worldwide. However, there are still many different opinions and misunderstandings about the core principles of D3 and CME, especially the similarities and differences between them. However, few articles have been published to discuss these issues specifically. Domestic scholars' understandings about D3 lymphadenectomy and CME for right hemicolectomy are quite different. Two different concepts including "D3/CME" and "D3+CME" have become mainstream views. The former equate D3 with CME and the latter seems to regard them as totally different principles. There is no consensus on which one is more reasonable. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the similarities and differences between D3 and CME for right hemicolectomy in perspectives of the theoretical background, surgical principles, extent of surgery and oncological outcomes. We believed that D3 and CME do not belong to the same concept, and that the scope of CME surgery for right-sided colon cancer is greater than and includes the scope of D3 surgery, and that D3 and CME are not complementary.

Intraoperative anatomical observation of mesentery morphology of colonic splenic flexure / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: At present, surgeons do not know enough about the mesenteric morphology of the colonic splenic flexure, resulting in many problems in the complete mesenteric resection of cancer around the splenic flexure. In this study, the morphology of the mesentery during the mobilization of the colonic splenic flexure was continuously observed in vivo, and from the embryological point of view, the unique mesenteric morphology of the colonic splenic flexure was reconstructed in three dimensions to help surgeons further understand the mesangial structure of the region. Methods: A total of 9 patients with left colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection with splenic flexure mobilization by the same group of surgeons in Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled. The splenic flexure was mobilized using a "three-way approach" strategy based on a middle-lateral approach. During the process of splenic flexure mobilization, the morphology of the transverse mesocolon and descending mesocolon were observed and reconstructed from the embryological point of view. The lower margin of the pancreas was set as the axis, and 4 pictures for each patient (section 1-section 4) were taken during middle-lateral mobilization. Results: The median operation time of the splenic flexure mobilization procedure was 31 (12-55) minutes, and the median bleeding volume was 5 (2-30) ml. One patient suffered from lower splenic vessel injury during the operation and the bleeding was stopped successfully after hemostasis with an ultrasound scalpel. The transverse mesocolon root was observed in all 9 (100%) patients, locating under pancreas, whose inner side was more obvious and tough, and the structure gradually disappeared in the tail of the pancreatic body, replaced by smooth inter-transitional mesocolon and dorsal lobes of the descending colon. The mesenteric morphology of the splenic flexure was reconstructed by intraoperative observation. The transverse mesocolon was continuous with a fan-shaped descending mesocolon. During the embryonic stage, the medial part (section 1-section 2) of the transverse mesocolon and the descending mesocolon were pulled and folded by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Then, the transverse mesocolon root was formed by compression of the pancreas on the folding area of the transverse mesocolon and the descending mesocolon. The lateral side of the transverse mesocolon root (section 3-section 4) was distant from the mechanical traction of the SMA, and the corresponding folding area was not compressed by the tail of the pancreas. The posterior mesangial lobe of the transverse mesocolon and the descending mesocolon were continuous with each other, forming a smooth lobe. This smooth lobe laid flat on the corresponding membrane bed composed of the tail of pancreas, Gerota's fascia and inferior pole of the spleen. Conclusions: From an embryological point of view, this study reconstructs the mesenteric morphology of the splenic flexure and proposes a transverse mesocolon root structure that can be observed consistently intraopertively. Cutting the transverse mesocolon root at the level of Gerota's fascia can ensure the complete resection of the mesentery of the transverse colon.

Application of single incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery in radical right hemicolon cancer surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and advantages of the SILS+1 technique in the radical right hemicolectomy, by comparing the short-term efficacy, postoperative recovery of intestinal function, and stress and inflammatory response of patients with right-sided colon cancer undergoing the conventional 5-hole laparoscopic technique or the single incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery (SILS+1). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Thirty-five patients with right-sided colon cancer undergoing SILS+1 surgery at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to September 2020 were enrolled in the SILS+1 group. Then a total of 44 patients who underwent completely 5-hole laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at the same time were selected as the conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) group. The intraoperative observation indexes (operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incision length) and postoperative observation indexes (time to ambulation after surgery, time to flatus, pain score in the first 3 days after surgery, hospitalization days, number of lymph node dissections, postoperative complication morbidity, and postoperative total protein, albumin and C-reaction protein) were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no conversion to laparotomy or laparoscopic-assisted surgery in both groups. All the patients successfully completed radical right hemicolectomy under total laparoscopy. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index or tumor stage between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the CLS group, the SILS+1 group had shorter incision length [(5.1±0.6) cm vs. (8.5±4.1) cm, t=4.124, P=0.012], shorter time to the first ambulation (median: 27.6 h vs. 49.3 h, Z=4.386, P=0.026), and shorter time to the first flatus (median:42.8 h vs. 63.2 h, Z=13.086, P=0.012), lower postoperative pain score [postoperative 1-d: 2.0 ± 1.1 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9; postoperative 2-d: 1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9±1.4; postoperative 3-d: 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3±0.3, F=49.128, P=0.003), shorter postoperative hospital stay [(9.1 ± 2.7) d vs. (11.2 ± 2.2) d, t=3.267,P=0.001], which were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). On the second day after surgery, as compared to CLS group, SILS+1 group had higher total protein level [(59.7±18.2) g/L vs. (43.0±12.3) g/L, t=2.214, P=0.003], higher albumin level [(33.6±7.3) g/L vs. (23.7±5.4) g/L, t=5.845, P<0.001], but lower C-reactive protein level [(16.3 ± 3.1) g/L vs. (63.3 ± 4.5) g/L, t=4.961, P<0.001], which were all statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of harvested lymph node, number of metastatic lymph node, and postoperative complication morbidity (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The SILS+1 technique has good operability and potential for popularization. Under the premise of radical resection, this technology not only reduces incision number and postoperative physical pain, but also speeds up postoperative recovery and shortens hospital stay.

Rodeando al enemigo: colectomía derecha laparoscópica por enfermedad de Crohn estenosante y fistulizante / Surrounding the enemy: laparoscopic right colectomy for stenosing and fistulizing Crohn's disease

Introducción: La enfermedad de Crohn presenta una incidencia en aumento en los últimos años en los países industrializados. La afectación ileocecal es la forma de presentación más frecuente en esta patología. En una primera instancia los pacientes pueden recibir tratamiento médico, pero un porcentaje significativo de estos puede evolucionar hacia complicaciones de la enfermedad, como estenosis o fístulas. Cuando estas se presentan, deben ser tratadas quirúrgicamente, representando un desafío para el equipo quirúrgico, ya que se trata de pacientes en mal estado general y con un gran compromiso inflamatorio a nivel abdominal que dificulta la correcta identificación de los planos anatómicos. Descripción: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 84 años que ingresa por guardia en nuestra institución por presentar diagnóstico de enfermedad de Crohn de 10 años de evolución, mal estado general y deterioro nutricional severo. En el examen físico se palpa tumor a nivel de flanco derecho y fosa ilíaca derecha. Entero-TC: Íleon terminal con fístula hacia colon derecho y transverso asociado a cavidad intermedia con colección de 3 cm (Fig.1 y 2). Laboratorio: glóbulos blancos: 12.000/mm3, albúmina: 1,3 gr/dl. Se decide internar al paciente e instaurar tratamiento antibiótico, medidas de sostén y nutrición parenteral total. A las 3 semanas presenta una mejoría en los parámetros nutricionales (albúmina de 2,1 gr/dl) y en el estado general, por lo cual se programa tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología. Se realiza una laparoscopía exploradora donde se evidencia gran tumor inflamatorio que involucra íleon terminal, colon derecho y transverso (fig. 3). Se logra la movilización completa de las estructuras mencionadas, las cuales se exteriorizan por una mini laparotomía mediana supraumbilical y se hace la resección en bloque del tumor inflamatorio, confeccionando una ileostomía terminal y abocando el colon transverso en tejido celular subcutáneo (fig. 4 y 5). La decisión de no realizar una anastomosis primaria se basó en el mal estado nutricional del paciente. Por otro lado, abocar el colon transverso en el tejido celular subcutáneo y no exteriorizar junto a la ileostomía es una técnica que facilita el manejo de la bolsa en el postoperatorio. Sin embargo, consideramos que la alternativa de exteriorizar el colon es válida. Lo que no se debe hacer en ningún caso es abandonar el cabo distal dentro de la cavidad abdominal, dado que, en caso de abrirse el cierre (lo cual es una posibilidad viendo el estado nutricional), conllevaría complicaciones sépticas que podrían requerir una reoperación.El paciente presenta una buena evolución postoperatoria y recibe el alta senatorial al séptimo día postoperatorio sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Crohn representa un desafío para el cirujano. Si es realizado por vía laparoscópica y luego de optimizar al paciente desde el punto de vista clínico y nutricional, se pueden obtener buenos resultados postoperatorios. (AU)

Introduction: Crohn's disease has an increasing incidence in recent years in industrialized countries, and ileocecal involvement is the most frequent in this pathology. Firstly, patients can receive medical treatment, but many of them can present complications of the disease such as stenosis or fistulas. When these appear, they must be treated surgically, representing a challenge for the surgical team because these are patients in poor general condition and with a large abdominal inflammatory compromise that makes it difficult to correctly identify the anatomical planes. Description: We present the case of an 84-year-old patient who is admitted to our institution in Emergency Service for presenting a diagnosis of Crohn's disease of 10 years of evolution, poor general condition and severe nutritional deterioration. Physical examination revealed a palpable tumor at the level of the right flank and right iliac fossa. Entero-CT: Terminal ileum with fistula towards the right and transverse colon and intermediate cavity with a 3 cm collection. Laboratory: White blood cells: 12,000x10-9 / L, Albumin: 1.3 gr / dl. Decision is made to admit the patient, antibiotic treatment, support measures and total parenteral nutrition were instituted. At 3 weeks, the patient shows improvement in nutritional parameters and general condition, for which surgical treatment of the pathology is scheduled. An exploratory laparoscopy is performed where a large inflammatory tumor involving the terminal ileum, right and transverse colon is evidenced. Complete mobilization of the aforementioned structures is achieved, which are externalized by a supraumbilical median mini laparotomy, and enbloc resection of the inflammatory tumor is made, performing a terminal ileostomy and leaving the transverse colon in subcutaneous cellular tissue. We do not perform primary anastomosis given the compromised nutritional state of the patient. On the other hand, transverse colon is left in subcutaneous tissue because taking it out along with the ileostomy sometimes complicates the handling of the ileostomy. However, exteriorization is a possibility, but what a surgeon shouldn't do in no case is to abandon the distal end inside the abdominal cavity, because in case the closure fails (chances are real given the nutritional status) it would probably be a complication that would take a re operation. Patient presented good postoperative evolution, receiving a sanatorial discharge on the seventh postoperative day without complications. Conclusions: Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease represents a challenge for the surgeon. Performed laparoscopically and after optimizing the patient from a clinical and nutritional point of view, good postoperative results can be obtained. (AU)

Fístula colovesical de origen diverticular. Resolución laparoscópica con nuevo recurso técnico / Diverticular colovesical fistulae. Laparoscopic tip

Introducción: La enfermedad diverticular de colon es una patología de alta prevalencia en nuestro medio. Su presentación inicial como fístulas no complicadas no es frecuente sin antecedentes de episodios de diverticulitis previa. Objetivos: Presentar detalles técnicos de la cirugía de resección y tratamiento laparoscópico de una fistula colovesical de origen diverticular. Materiales y métodos: Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 63 años con dolor en hipogastrio sin alteraciones evacuatorias ni cirugías previas. Sin antecedentes de diverticulitis. Se realizó ecografía abdominal y tomografía computada donde se constata aire en vejiga. El urocultivo es positivo para escherichia coli y el colon por enema detecta pequeño trayecto fistuloso entre colon sigmoides y vejiga. Se decide resección laparoscópica. Resultados: Se realizó una colectomía sigmoidea laparoscópica con identificación de trayecto fistuloso a la vejiga que se aisló y seccionó entre clips de polímero. Se completó con anastomosis primara colorrectal y sondaje vesical prolongado que se retiró a los 15 días. Los parámetros postoperatorios fueron favorables con egreso a las 72 hs. Conclusión: La fístula colovesical es una complicación de la enfermedad diverticular de colon aunque es rara su debut como forma de presentación sin episodios de diverticulitis previa. Se destaca su identificación como trayecto único y no hemos encontrado mención al respecto en la bibliografía. Su resolución de ligadura entre clips es una opción terapéutica efectiva y rápida para su resolución definitiva. El abordaje laparoscópico electivo es de elección y su tratamiento mediante el procedimiento propuesto resultó efectivo y seguro.

Background: Diverticular disease is a high prevalent colonic pathology. Initial presentation as complicated disease includes fistulas, perforation and bleeding. Objetive: To present technical surgical aspects of surgical treatment of laporoscopic resection of colovesical fistula after diverticular disease. Methods: A 63 years old patient presented with low abdominal pain and no transit symptoms. There was no previous surgery and diverticulitis episode. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan showed air in the bladder. Urine culture was positive to Escherichia coli. Colonic barium x-rays showed a colovesical fistula. Laparoscopic resection was decided as treatment of choice. Results: Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy, aisolation of fistula tract and posterior clips ligation and section. Primary mecanic anastomosis and 15 days vesical catheter completed the treatment. Postoperative evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: Colovesical fistula is a frequent complication of complicated diverticular disease, however its debut without previous episodes is rare. The colonic fistula presented as unique tract is unfrequent. Resolution by polimer clips and section associated with colonic resection by laparoscopic is a good option to avoid bladder sutures. This procedure resulted safe and effective.

Tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio del colon / Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Colon

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores miofibroblásticos son tumores benignos de origen mesenquimal, de etiología incierta, y frecuente en niños y jóvenes. Objetivo: Describir un nuevo caso de tumor miofibroblástico abdominal. Caso clínico: Se presenta una paciente de 20 años con antecedentes de salud con dolor en abdomen derecho, se realiza tomografía de abdomen contrastada que informa una masa hiperdensa no homogénea en flanco derecho. Se realiza resección quirúrgica del tumor y el estudio anatomopatológico informa un tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio. Su pronóstico es favorable porque es una entidad benigna y no metastiza. Conclusiones: Los tumores miofibroblásticos de colon son infrecuentes, benignos, que al diagnosticarlos deben resecarse ampliamente para evitar la recidiva(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Myofibroblastic tumors are benign tumors of mesenchymal origin, of uncertain etiology, and frequent in children and young people. Objective: To describe a new case of abdominal myofibroblastic tumor. Clinical case: The case is presented of a 20-year-old female patient with a health history and pain in the right abdomen. Contrasted abdominal tomography is performed, which shows an inhomogeneous hyperdense mass in the right flank. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed. The pathological study reported an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Its prognosis is favorable because it is a benign entity that does not metastasize. Conclusions: Colon myofibroblastic tumors are infrequent, benign, and when diagnosed, they must be widely removed to avoid recurrence(AU)

A novelty in laparoscopic total colectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction using a plastic cover / Uma novidade na colectomia total laparoscópica com extração de espécime em orifício natural usando uma cobertura plastic

Abstract Introduction: Minimally invasive colectomy has been performed for some years for many patients worldwide without much complications compared to the open approach. In this study we explained our experience regarding a modification in laparoscopic total colectomy and removing the specimen with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (NOSE) through rectum using a plastic cover for the first time. Methods and material: This was an experimental study on a new technique of total colectomy with a small modification. Total colectomy was performed based on 7 port laparoscopic approach. Rectum was sparred. Colon was then taken out through the anal canal using a plastic cover. Results: Thirteen patients underwent laparoscopic total colectomy by removal of the specimen through rectum. Mean age of patients was 42.23 ± 8.15 years. Mean duration of operation was 130 ± 32.4 min. All patients had an uneventful postoperative hospitalization. Discussion: Laparoscopic total colectomy has been proven to have superior benefits than the open approach. In NOSE technique, colon is removed from the anal canal without any complication or consuming much time. This technique might have less pain and removes the complications associated with an incision on the skin to remove the specimen. Also, due to low price of a usual plastic cover, it can be used instead of other techniques to remove the specimen through the rectum.

Resumo Introdução: A colectomia minimamente invasiva vem sendo realizada há alguns anos em muitos pacientes no mundo inteiro, apresentando menos intercorrências do que a abordagem aberta. Neste estudo, os autores relatam sua experiência com uma modificação da colectomia total laparoscópica e extração de espécime em orifício natural (NOSE) pelo reto, usando uma cobertura plástica pela primeira vez. Métodos e materiais: Este foi um estudo experimental sobre uma nova técnica de colectomia total com uma pequena modificação. A colectomia total foi realizada com base na abordagem laparoscópica de sete portas. O reto foi poupado. O cólon foi então retirado pelo canal anal usando uma cobertura plástica. Resultados: Treze pacientes foram submetidos a colectomia total laparoscópica por remoção do espécime pelo reto. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 42,23 ± 8,15 anos. A duração média da operação foi de 130 ± 32,4 minutos. Para todos os pacientes, a internação pós-operatória transcorreu sem intercorrências. Discussão: Foi comprovado que a colectomia total laparoscópica apresenta benefícios superiores à abordagem aberta. Na técnica NOSE, o cólon é removido mais rapidamente do canal anal, sem nenhuma intercorrência. Essa técnica pode causar menos dor e remove as complicações associadas a uma incisão na pele para remover o espécime. Além disso, devido ao baixo preço de uma cobertura plástica comum, ela pode ser usada no lugar de outras técnicas para remover o espécime pelo reto.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal avanzado / Outcomes of Surgical Treatment in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer avanzado es aquel que crece fuera del órgano en el cual se originó. La resección quirúrgica es el método más eficaz para lograr la curación de cáncer colorrectal en 50 por ciento de los casos. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento multidisciplinar, realizado a pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal avanzado. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, ambispectivo y de corte transversal en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2018. La muestra fue de 219 casos. Resultados: El 34,2 por ciento de los pacientes tenían entre 70 y 79 años. Hubo predominio de localización en colon ascendente (37,4 por ciento), en 57,1 por ciento fue moderadamente diferenciado y en 34,2 por ciento en estadio IIIA. El 7,8 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo recaída con metástasis, de ellos, 70,5 por ciento en hígado. En 72,6 por ciento la vía de acceso fue laparoscópica. En 50,7 por ciento se realizó hemicolectomía derecha. Las complicaciones se observaron en 25 pacientes (35,2 por ciento). El 91,3 por ciento de los casos recibió terapia adyuvante. En 27,4 por ciento hubo recurrencia. En el análisis del tiempo libre de enfermedad y de la supervivencia se obtuvieron buenos resultados. Conclusiones: El tratamiento combinado, secuencial y multidisciplinario en enfermedad maligna colorrectal avanzada ha demostrado beneficios clínicos y mayor supervivencia. Con una morbilidad y mortalidad relacionada con el proceder quirúrgico aceptable independientemente la vía de acceso empleada(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: advanced cancer is cancer that has grown outside the organ in which it originated. Surgical resection is the most effective method to achieve colorectal cancer cure in 50 % of cases. Objectives: the objective was to evaluate the results of the multidisciplinary treatment, carried out on patients diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer. Method: it is an observational, descriptive, ambispective and cross-sectional study at the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Surgical Clinical Hospital between January 2013 and December 2018. The sample was 219 cases. Results: 34.2 percent of the patients were between 70 and 79 years old. 56.2 percent were women. There was a predominance of localization in the ascending colon (37.4 percent), in 57.1 percent it was moderately differentiated and in 34.2 percent in stage IIIA. 7.8 percent of the patients had a metastatic relapse, 70.5 percent of them in the liver. In 72.6 percent, the access route was laparoscopic. Right hemicolectomy was performed in 50.7 percent. Complications were observed in 25 patients (35.2 percent). 91.3 percent of the cases received adjuvant therapy. In 27.4 percent there was recurrence. Good results were obtained in the analysis of disease-free time and survival. Conclusion: we conclude that combined, sequential, and multidisciplinary treatment in advanced colorectal malignancy has demonstrated clinical benefits and increased survival. With an acceptable morbidity and mortality related to the surgical procedure regardless of the access route used. Multivisceral and / or en bloc resections and maximum resection manage to increase the free interval of disease progression and alleviate symptoms(AU)

Desarrollo y evaluación de modelo ex vivo para entrenamiento de anastomosis intracorpórea en hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica / Development and assessment of an ex vivo simulated model for intracorporeal anastomosis training in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy

Resumen Introducción: Si bien la anastomosis intracorpórea (AI) ha demostrado beneficios clínicos sobre la anastomosis extracorpórea (AE) en la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica (HDL), su aplicación ha sido limitada por su dificultad técnica y curva de aprendizaje más larga. El presente estudio busca desarrollar y evaluar un modelo simulado para entrenar este procedimiento. Materiales y Método: Se desarrolló un modelo en base a tejido ex vivo, con colon porcino e intestino bovino, montados en un simulador de laparoscopía. Este se modificó sucesivamente en base a entrevistas semiestructuradas a cirujanos hasta lograr el modelo final. Para evaluar apariencia y reacción al modelo, coloproctólogos, cirujanos y residentes previamente expuestos a entrenamiento simulado, realizaron una ileotransverso anastomosis mecánica en el modelo y luego contestaron una encuesta. Resultados: Doce sujetos participaron. Cuatro coloproctólogos, 4 residentes de coloproctología, 2 residentes de cirugía general, 1 cirujano general y 1 cirujano digestivo. El 91,6% valoró positivamente la ergonomía lograda, mientras que el 83,3% y 75% valoraron positivamente el uso del instrumental y la relación anatómica entre estructuras, respectivamente. Todos los participantes consideraron el modelo útil para entrenar sutura manual laparoscópica, el 91,6% para entrenar enterotomías y 83,3% para entrenar el uso de endograpadora. Todos declararon que el módulo permite entender y reflexionar sobre la técnica propuesta. Conclusión: Este modelo desarrollado sería útil para entrenar habilidades críticas para realizar una AI en HDL. Su incorporación a un programa de entrenamiento en laparoscopía avanzada podría contribuir a acortar la curva de aprendizaje de este procedimiento.

Introduction: Although intracorporeal anastomosis has demonstrated clinical benefits over extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, its application has been limited due to its technical difficulty and longer learning curve. The present study aims to develop and evaluate a simulated model to train this procedure. Materials and Method: An ex vivo tissue model was developed with porcine colon and bovine small bowel mounted in a laparoscopic simulator. This was subsequently modified based on semi-structured interviews to experts until the final model was achieved. To evaluate appearance and reaction to the model, the participants performed an ileocolic mechanical anastomosis in the model and answered a survey. Results: Twelve subjects participated. Four colorectal surgeons, 4 colorectal surgery fellows, 2 residents of general surgery, 1 general surgeon and 1 upper digestive surgeon. Of all subjects, 91.6%, 83.3% and 75% deemed ergonomics achieved, the use of instruments, and the anatomical relationship between structures as similar to reality, respectively. All participants deemed the model useful to train laparoscopic manual suturing, while 91.6% and 83.3% of them considered it useful to train enterotomies and the use of an endostapler, respectively. All declared that the model allows to understand the proposed technique. Conclusion: This model would be useful to train critical skills to perform an intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Its incorporation into an advanced simulated laparoscopy training program could help shorten the learning curve of this procedure.

Cirugía robótica colorectal, en un hospital de comunidad cerrada: experiencia inicial leído en sesión SACP, 11 de octubre de 2019 / Colorectal robotic surgery in a closed community hospital: initial experience read in SACP session, october 11, 2019

Introducción: La introducción del sistema Da Vinci, ha revolucionado el campo de la cirugía mínima invasiva en el cual el cirujano tiene control de la cámara 3D y los instrumentos son de gran destreza y confort ergonómico, acortando la curva de aprendizaje quirúrgica. Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia inicial de cirugía robótica colorectal en un hospital de comunidad cerrada de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo sobre una base prospectiva de cirugías colorectales robóticas realizadas por el mismo equipo quirúrgico desde mayo de 2016 a abril de 2019. Resultados: Se operaron 41 pacientes. Trece de ellos fueron colectomías derechas, 17 colectomías izquierdas y 11 cirugías de recto. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 170 minutos (90-330), la estadía hospitalaria de 4 días (3-30), la tasa de conversión de 7,31% (3/41 pacientes) y la tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica del 9,75% (4/41 pacientes). Morbilidad global del 19.5% (8/41 pacientes). Conclusión: Hemos repasado los resultados iniciales de nuestra experiencia en cirugía robótica colorectal en un número reducido de casos, pero suficiente para evaluar la seguridad y reproducibilidad del método al comienzo de una curva de aprendizaje.

Introduction: The introduction of the Da Vinci System, has revolved the field of invasive minimal surgery in which the surgeon has control of the 3d camera and the instruments are of great strength and ergonomic comfort by cutting the surgical learning curve. Objective: Of this preliminary presentation is to describe our initial experience of colorectal robotic surgery in a closed community hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive study on a prospective basis of robotic colorectal surgeries performed by the same surgical team from May 2016 to April 2019.Results: 41 patients were operated. 13 of them were right colectomies, 17 left colectomies and 11 rectum surgeries. The average surgical time was 170 minutes (90-330), the average hospital stay of 4 days (3-30), the conversion rate of 7.31% (3/41 patients) and the anastomotic dehiscence rate of 9 , 75% (4/41 patients). Overall morbidity of 19.5% (8/41 patients).Conclusion: We have reviewed the initial results of our experience in colorectal robotic surgery in a reduced number of cases but sufficient to evaluate the security and reproducibility of the methodic learning of a learning curve.

Evaluating the effect of gentamicin-clindamycin lavage on post-operational pain and infection through laparoscopic colectomy surgery / Avaliação do efeito da lavagem com gentamicina-clindamicina sobre a dor e a infecção após colectomia laparoscópica

Abstract Introduction Peritoneal antibiotic or normal saline lavage is seen to be beneficial in order to reduce the pain or infection risk through laparoscopic surgeries. It can also be applied for laparoscopic colectomy surgeries. In this study, we have compared the effects of antibiotic solution lavage (gentamycin-clindamycin) with normal saline lavage in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery. Method In this double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery were divided into antibiotic and normal saline lavage groups (20 patients in each group). Post-operational pain, need for painkiller, white blood cells count, C-reactive protein level, duration of hospitalization and wound infection were compared in 30 days between the groups. Results Antibiotic lavage group had significantly less pain than the normal saline group (p < 0.05) through 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. C-reactive protein level, white blood cells count, painkiller use, and hospitalization duration were significantly lower in antibiotic group. However, there was no difference regarding wound or intra-abdominal infection between the both groups. Conclusion Using gentamicin-clindamycin peritonea lavage helps patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery in pain reduction, need for painkillers and hospitalization duration.

Resumo Introdução A lavagem peritoneal com antibiótico ou com soro fisiológico normal é benéfica para reduzir o risco de dor ou de infecção durante cirurgias laparoscópicas, além de poder ser aplicada também em colectomias laparoscópicas. Neste estudo, comparamos os efeitos da lavagem com solução antibiótica (gentamicina-clindamicina) e da lavagem com solução salina normal em pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica. Método Neste Ensaio Clínico Randomizado (ECR), controlado e duplo-cego, 40 pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica foram divididos em dois grupos (20 pacientes em cada grupo) para receberem antibiótico ou solução salina normal. Dor pós-operatória, necessidade de analgésico, contagem de leucócitos, nível de proteína C-reativa, tempo de internação e infecção da ferida foram comparados entre os grupos em 30 dias. Resultados De forma significativa, o Grupo Antibiótico apresentou menos dor que o Grupo Salina Normal (p < 0,05) em 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas após a cirurgia. O nível de proteína C-reativa, a contagem de leucócitos, o uso de analgésicos e o tempo de internação foram significativamente menores no Grupo Antibiótico. Porém, não houve diferença em relação à infecção da ferida ou intra-abdominal entre os dois grupos. Conclusão O uso da lavagem peritoneal com gentamicina-clindamicina ajuda a reduzir a dor, a necessidade de analgésicos e o tempo de internação de pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica.

Anestesia libre de opioides en hemicolectomía abierta derecha extendida. Reporte de un caso y revisión / Opiod Free Anesthesia (OFA) for Open extended right colectomy. A case report and review

Opioid free anesthesia (OFA) is defined as an anesthesiologic technique where opioids are not used in the intraoperative and postoperative period. Although the mainstay of intra-operative analgesia may be opioids, current challenges are focus on reducing them and preventing the adverse effects of opioids, by rationalizing and even suspending their perioperative use, specifically at risk populations such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAHS), obesity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and cancer surgery. We present this case of OFA in a susceptible patient with complications from the use of opioids undergoing an extended right hemicolectomy. Multimodal analgesia was performed with a thoracic peridural and subanesthetic doses of intravenous agents including dexmedetomidine, ketamine and propofol, accompanied by short and long-lasting local periglotic anesthetics. The patient had given an intraand postoperative analgesia without presenting any adverse events, good recovery, early deambulation and extubation.

La anestesia libre de opioides (OFA) es una técnica anestésica donde no hay administración de opioides, tanto en el intraoperatorio como en el postoperatorio. Aunque una de las bases de la analgesia intraoperatoria podrían ser los opioides, los desafíos actuales están enfocados en reducir su uso perioperatorio, previniendo sus efectos adversos, racionalizando y limitando su empleo específicamente en poblaciones de riesgo como síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS), obesidad, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y cirugía oncológica. Presentamos este caso de OFA en un paciente susceptible de complicaciones por uso de opioides sometido a una hemicolectomía derecha extendida. Se realizó analgesia multimodal con peridural torácica y dosis subanestésicas de agentes endovenosos como dexmedetomidina, ketamina y propofol, acompañado de anestésicos locales periglóticos de corta y larga duración. Se otorgó una adecuada analgesia intra y postoperatoria, el paciente no tuvo eventos adversos, presentando una buena recuperación, deambulación y extubación precoz.

Evaluación de la disección ganglionar en colectomía oncológica realizada por cirujanos generales / Evaluation of lymph node dissection in oncological colectomy performed by general surgeons

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es la cuarta patología neoplásica en incidencia y mortalidad en Colombia y, aunque hay evidente mejoría en sus desenlaces, este alto volumen hace indispensable la participación integrada de cirujanos colorrectales y cirujanos generales dedicados a esa área de interés. A la fecha es la cirugía el pilar del tratamiento de esta enfermedad, la cual debe ser realizada dentro de unos parámetros que permitan asegurarle al paciente la resección completa de la misma. Uno de estos parámetros incluye un adecuado vaciamiento ganglionar que nos permite evaluar el pronóstico de la enfermedad y la necesidad de terapias complementarias. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la disección ganglionar en la cirugía oncológica colorrectal efectuada por cirujanos generales en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal; se analizaron 315 pacientes llevados a cirugía electiva oncológica colorrectal por cirujanos generales en el periodo de 2014 a 2017 en nuestras instituciones. Resultados: La mediana de ganglios linfáticos recuperados fue de 16, el número de ganglios disecados se asoció con localización del tumor (p = 0,002) y la neoadyuvancia (p = 00,001). Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con el sexo, tipo de abordaje y volumen de sangrado. Conclusiones: Las colectomías realizadas por cirujanos generales mantienen un volumen óptimo en relación a la disección ganglionar sin comprometer el resto de los desenlaces. El número de ganglios linfáticos recuperados se asoció con la localización del tumor y la terapia neoadyuvante.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the 4th neoplastic disease in terms of incidence and mortality in Colombia, even though the clinical outcomes are improving. The high volume of this patients is requesting the collaboration between colorectal surgeons and general surgeons dedicated to this area of interest. To date is surgery the mainstay of the treatment of this disease which should be carried out within parameters that allow to assure the patient the complete resection of the lesion. One of these parameters includes a suitable lymph node emptying that allows us to evaluate the prognosis of the disease and the need of complementary therapies. Aim: To evaluate the quality of the lymph node dissection in colorectal surgery performed by general surgeons in two academic institutions in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and Method: Transversal cohort in analytical and observational study. We analyzed 315 patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgery by general surgeons in the period from 2014 to 2017 in our institutions. Results: The mean of the lymph node recovered was 16, the number of dissected lymph nodes was associated with the tumor location (p = 0.002), and the neoadjuvant (p = 0.001). However, no association within sex, approach and bleeding was found. Conclusions: The colectomies performed by general surgeons maintain an optimal volume in relation with lymph node dissection without affect the remaining clinical outcomes. The number of lymph nodes recovered is associated with tumor location and neoadjuvant therapy.